class AppServiceError(Exception):
    def __init__(
        self,
        message,
        *,
        category="internal",
        code="INTERNAL_ERROR",
        status=None,
        retryable=False,
        provider="system",
        detail=None,
    ):
        super().__init__(message)
        self.category = category
        self.code = code
        self.status = status
        self.retryable = retryable
        self.provider = provider
        self.detail = detail or {}

    def to_dict(self):
        return {
            "message": str(self),
            "category": self.category,
            "code": self.code,
            "status": self.status,
            "retryable": self.retryable,
            "provider": self.provider,
            "detail": self.detail,
        }


def classify_http_error(status, code, retryable=False):
    code = str(code or "").upper()
    if status == 429 or code in {"RATE_LIMIT_EXCEEDED"}:
        return "rate_limit"
    if status == 401 or code in {
        "MISSING_API_KEY",
        "INVALID_API_KEY",
        "DISABLED_API_KEY",
        "EXPIRED_API_KEY",
        "INVALID_OPENAPI_USER_TOKEN",
        "OPENAPI_TOKEN_APP_MISMATCH",
    }:
        return "authentication"
    if status == 403 or code in {"OPENAPI_USER_REQUIRED", "SCOPE_NOT_ALLOWED", "USER_SCOPE_NOT_ALLOWED"}:
        return "authorization"
    if status == 404:
        return "not_found"
    if status == 400:
        return "validation"
    if status == 402 or code in {"INSUFFICIENT_POINTS", "VIP_REQUIRED"}:
        return "business_rule"
    if status and status >= 500:
        return "upstream"
    if retryable:
        return "upstream"
    return "unknown"


def normalize_exception(error):
    if isinstance(error, AppServiceError):
        return error
    return AppServiceError(str(error), category="internal", code="INTERNAL_ERROR")